What is Arthroscopic MACI?
MACI-A, or Arthroscopic Matrix-Induced Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation, is an advanced cartilage repair technique used to treat cartilage defects in the knee. It combines minimally invasive arthroscopic surgery with tissue engineering to regenerate damaged cartilage using a patient’s own cells. This procedure is designed to restore smooth joint function and relieve pain in patients with focal cartilage injuries.
When is Arthroscopic MACI Recommended?
MACI-A is typically recommended for patients who:
- Are between 18–55 years old
- Have isolated cartilage defects in the knee (often caused by injury)
- Experience ongoing knee pain, swelling, or locking
- Have not responded to conservative treatments like physical therapy or injections
- Have healthy surrounding cartilage and bone
How is Arthroscopic MACI Performed?
The procedure begins with an initial arthroscopy to harvest a small sample of healthy cartilage from the patient’s knee. These cells are then cultured and embedded onto a collagen membrane in a laboratory. In a second procedure, the membrane with the cultured cells is arthroscopically implanted into the cartilage defect. The cells integrate with surrounding tissue and regenerate hyaline-like cartilage over time.
Recovery after Arthroscopic MACI
Recovery involves a structured rehabilitation program. Patients typically use crutches for several weeks and gradually regain full weight-bearing capacity. Physical therapy begins soon after surgery to restore strength, range of motion, and joint stability. Full recovery can take 6 to 12 months, depending on the extent of the defect and individual healing.
Risks of Arthroscopic MACI
Although generally safe, risks may include:
- Joint stiffness
- Swelling or pain
- Graft failure or detachment
- Infection
- Need for revision surgery
Benefits of Arthroscopic MACI
The benefits of MACI-A include:
- Regeneration of durable, hyaline-like cartilage
- Minimally invasive technique
- Long-term pain relief
- Improved joint function and mobility
- Reduced risk of early-onset arthritis