What Is Stem Cell Therapy?
Stem cell therapy refers to the use of specific types of cells - often called mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) - that are being studied for their ability to support the body's natural healing processes. These cells are most commonly collected from bone marrow or adipose (fat) tissue.
In research settings, MSCs have shown potential to interact with inflammation, tissue repair signals, and other biologic systems. This has led to growing interest in their use for orthopedic and musculoskeletal conditions - though these treatments remain investigational and are not FDA-approved for any orthopedic diagnosis.
Why Are Stem Cells Being Studied?
Scientists are evaluating how stem cells might:
- Support joint and soft tissue health
- Influence immune responses
- Communicate with nearby cells to encourage repair
Rather than becoming new tissue themselves, stem cells may act like messengers - sending molecular signals to help coordinate local cellular activity. This is still being investigated in clinical trials and lab studies.
How Is the Procedure Done?
If used, the steps typically include:
- Collection - Cells are obtained from your own bone marrow or fat using a minimally invasive technique, often under local anesthesia.
- Processing - The sample is concentrated in a sterile, closed system to isolate the desired cell population.
- Reintroduction -The prepared concentrate is injected into the target area, usually under ultrasound or fluoroscopic guidance.
These outpatient procedures usually take 1-2 hours.
What to Expect After the Procedure
- Mild swelling or soreness is common for a few days
- Avoid strenuous activity for 1-2 weeks
- You may be advised to avoid anti-inflammatory medications temporarily
- Follow-up visits may include imaging or physical assessments
Each patient's experience may vary. There is no guaranteed result, and outcomes are still being studied.
What Are the Risks?
Like any biologic or injection-based treatment, potential risks may include:
- Bruising or soreness at the collection or injection site
- Temporary swelling or stiffness
- Low likelihood of infection or bleeding
- No guaranteed symptom relief
Research and Regulation
Stem cell therapy in orthopedics is currently considered investigational by the FDA. There are no approved stem cell products for treating arthritis, tendon injuries, or joint degeneration outside of formal clinical trials.
FDA Disclaimer: Stem cell therapy is considered investigational and has not been evaluated or approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. The information provided is for educational purposes only and does not replace medical advice from a licensed professional.